the Slave Trade

According
to Jacob Rader Marcus, the two
largest slave cargoes brought
into New York between 1800 and
1850 were brought in by Jew
Nathan Simson. “Very few Jews
protested against chattel
slavery.”
—
Boston Globe journalist Jeff
Jacoby

[image added by this website]

Nation of Islam

July 9, 2001

http://www.blacksandjews.com/Jacoby.Globe070201.html

Jews,
Black Slavery, and the Boston Globe

By Minister Don Muhammad, Muhammad
Mosque #11

JEFF Jacoby’s caustic and libelous attack on Professor Tony Martin and the Nation of Islam (“Bigoted man on campus,” Boston Globe, 2 July
2001) for teaching the actual history of Blacks and Jews only demonstrates that a breathtaking and pervasive ignorance still exists among the opinion manipulators at the Globe and in the white media.

Jacoby used a series of sleight-of-hand moves common to his ilk to make his
“case,” but Blacks should choose to educate themselves rather than partake in the cheap and racist vilification for which the Globe is widely known.

In contention is the history and extent of slave-dealing among the Jews in the
Western Hemisphere during the colonial period. Some, like Jacoby, claim there is no such history, and that mere reference to it is ipso facto “anti-Semitism.”

Jacoby, who does not claim to be a historian, cites as authorities Harvard’s
Henry Louis Gates and Wellesley
College’s Selwyn Cudjoe — both of whom are Black, but, surprisingly, not historians. On the other hand, Prof. Tony
Martin, Ph.D, [Prof Tony Martin]also of Wellesley, is in fact a historian, and the only actual historian named in
Jacoby’s diatribe.

Dr. Martin, a Black man, claims that
Jews were indeed involved in the
African-slave trade and that their role was significant — a position also endorsed by the Nation of Islam.
Surprisingly (maybe even shockingly to some), Martin and the Nation of Islam use only historians in support of their position — and only Jewish ones at that.

Based on a careful review of the scholarly literature on “New World” Jewish history by Jewish historians (Jacoby,
Gates, and Cudjoe have published nothing on the subject), here is what we do know about Jews in the slave trade:

• — Lee M. Friedman, a
  one-time president of the American
  Jewish Historical Society, wrote that
  in Brazil, where most of the Africans
  were actually shipped, “the bulk of the
  slave trade was in the hands of Jewish
  settlers.”
• — Jewish scholar Dr.

  Arnold
  Wiznitzer is most explicit about
  Jewish involvement in Brazil: “Besides
  their important position in the sugar
  industry and in tax farming, they
  dominated the slave trade….The buyers
  who appeared at the auctions were
  almost always Jews, and because of this
  lack of competitors they could buy
  slaves at low prices.”

• — Author Marcus Arkin wrote
  in his book _Aspects of Jewish Economic
  History that the Jews of Surinam_ used
  “many thousands” of Black

  slaves.

• — Rabbi Herbert I. Bloom
  wrote in his book, The Economic
  Activities of the Jews in
  Amsterdam, that “the slave trade
  was one of the most important Jewish
  activities here (in Surinam) as
  elsewhere in the colonies.” He even
  published a 1707 list of Jewish buyers
  by name with the number of Black humans
  they purchased.
• — British Jewish historian Dr.

  Cecil Roth, writer of 30 books and
  hundreds of articles on Jewish history,
  wrote in his book History of the
  Marranos that the slave revolts in
  parts of South America “were largely
  directed against [Jews] as
  being the greatest slave-holders of the
  region.”

• — “I gather,” wrote Jewish scholar
  Wilfred Samuels, “that the Jews
  [of Barbados] made a good deal
  of their money by purchasing and hiring
  out negroes…”

  He wrote that all
  Barbadian Jews owned slaves, and even
  the rabbi had “the enjoyment of his own
  two negro attendants.”

• — Isaac and Susan
  Emmanuel report in their book
  History of the Jews of the
  Netherland Antilles that in
  Curaçao, which was a major
  slave-trading depot, “the shipping
  business was mainly a Jewish enterprise
  [and] [a]lmost every
  Jew bought from one to nine slaves for
  his personal use or for eventual
  resale.”

On Jewish slave-dealing in America, there is also no shortage of troubling evidence:

• — Rabbi and historian Bertram
  W. Korn reported of the case in the
  1830s, when Levy Jacobs of New Orleans
  was outraged at a rumor that claimed he
  was selling Kentucky-bred slaves.
  Jacobs took out an ad in the local
  paper to assure his potential customers
  that he would in the future keep for
  sale no other than “Virginia born
  negroes, of good character.”

  Rabbi
  Korn, the acknowledged expert on
  19th-century American Jewry, observed,
  “It would seem to be realistic to
  conclude that any Jew who could afford
  to own slaves and had need for their
  services would do so….Jews
  participated in every aspect and
  process of the exploitation of the
  defenseless blacks.”

• — According to the “Dean of
  American Jewish History,” Dr.

  Jacob
  Rader Marcus, the two largest slave
  cargoes brought into New York between
  1800 and 1850 were brought in by Jew
  Nathan Simson. Marcus laments in one of
  his many works that “very few Jews
  anywhere in the United States protested
  against chattel slavery on moral
  grounds.”

Others have revealed that in Newport,
Rhode Island, the center of the rum and slave trade, all Jewish families owned
Black slaves; the Touro synagogue was built by Black slaves “of some skill”; and of the 22 distilleries serving the slave trade all 22 were owned by Jewish merchants.

The sad reality is that one can go on and on without much difficulty in enumerating the extensive involvement of
Jews in the Black-slave trade. Actually, one is hard-pressed to name one (just one) prominent colonial American Jew who did not own slaves.

He will have the same difficulty as the Anti-Defamation
League had in their 1976 pamphlet entitled, American Jews: Their
Story. The ADL lists 13 pioneers of the American Jewish community — 10 of whom have been definitively linked to the slave trade!

All of these Jewish sources and many more have been collected and quoted in the Nation of Islam’s 334-page
The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews Vol. 1, for all to see and evaluate.

The book uses Jewish wills, rabbinical sermons, runaway slave and slave auction ads, port records, court records, private correspondence, among its array of source materials. Even with this wide-ranging use of Jewish documentation, University of
Chicago African Studies professor and Jew
Ralph A. Austen has written that
“[t]he authors of The Secret
Relationship underestimate the structural importance of the Jews in the early stages of the New World slave trade.”

The most blistering hypocrisy, however, is Jacoby’s refusal to repudiate, condemn, or in any way rebuke these Jewish historians with terms he uses to denounce
Black ones. Dr. Marc Lee Raphael, for instance, is the editor of American
Jewish History, the journal of the
American Jewish Historical Society at
Brandeis University in Waltham,
Massachusetts. On page 14 of his 1983 book
Jews and Judaism in the United States,
Dr.

Raphael wrote in two paragraphs a more definitive statement on Jewish slave-dealing than anything Professor
Martin has ever written. The entire two paragraphs bear quoting:

“Jews also took an active part
in the Dutch colonial slave trade;
indeed, the bylaws of the Recife and
Mauricia congregations (1648) included
an imposta (Jewish tax) of five soldos
for each Negro slave a Brazilian Jew
purchased from the West Indies Company.
Slave auctions were postponed if they
fell on a Jewish holiday.

In Curacao in
the seventeenth century, as well as in
the British colonies of Barbados and
Jamaica in the eighteenth century,
Jewish merchants played major role in
the slave trade. In fact, in all the
American colonies, whether French
(Martinique), British, or Dutch, Jewish
merchants frequently dominated.

“This was no less true on the North
American mainland, where during the eighteenth century Jews participated in the ‘triangular trade’ that brought slaves from Africa to the West Indies and there exchanged them for molasses, which in turn was taken to New England and converted into rum for sale in
Africa.

Isaac Da Costa of
Charleston in the 1750’s, David
Franks of Philadelphia in the
1760’s, and Aaron Lopez of
Newport in the late 1760’s and early
1770’s dominated Jewish slave trading on the American continent.”

Being a Jew, Dr. Raphael is obviously shielded from any public rebuke or even from any questioning by Jacoby’s cheap inquisition. For merely agreeing with
Raphael, the Black Prof. Tony Martin is subject to the libelous invective of this pompous Globe ignoramus (pardon the redundancy).

This racial double standard, and the price Professor Martin must pay in having to endure the insults and persecution of these blustering Nazi crackers, is what we call the Black Tax. Jewish tax collectors like Jacoby are what we call racists.

Despite the incessant Jewish onslaught and the white reign of terror against the forces of truth and historical accuracy,
Prof. Tony Martin’s classes at Wellesley are among the most well-attended and popular. Prospective Black students are even seeking out his courses to include in their educational experience.

As the world’s foremost expert on the
Marcus Garvey movement and author or editor of more than a dozen books, including the classic and monumental
Race First, Professor Martin is one of the Black community’s most honored and respected scholars — and has been for decades.

This is due, in large part, to his being the embodiment of the most cherished qualities in the field of history — a discerning and potent analytical mind, a respect for the scholarship of others in the field, and a dogged insistence that the truth cannot be bought and sold — even if hacks like Jeff
Jacoby don’t like it.

Min. Don
Muhammad

Related items on this website:

Jeff Jacoby:
Bigoted man on campus
Jewish
Outrage as UK Judge Lifts Ban on
Farrakhan

Hear
Professor Martin defend his position at
David Irving’s Real History function, at
Cincinnati 2001 this Labor Day
weekend.
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